Přednáška 10:Nauka o Trojici
"The Christian doctrine of the Trinity is about how the one true God is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, even though these three (each of them God) are different from one another. The crucial argument that developed in the 4th century was whether the Son or Logos, the second person of the Trinity, was as fully God as God the Father. In answering yes, the Council of Nicaea in 325 laid the foundations of the orthodox trinitarian tradition. This tradition teaches that the oneness of God consists in a single divine essence or ousia, belonging equally and fully to all three, while the threeness is not three Gods but three hypostases or persons. Because all divine attributes (such as eternity, omniscience, etc.) belong equally to each, they can only be distinguished from another by their relations of origin (for example, the Father begets the Son, not vice versa)."
Přednáška 11: Nauka o Vtělení
"After the Nicene doctrine of the Trinity was established, key developments in the doctrine of Christ’s Incarnation could take shape. The key concept is that the same person who was eternally begotten from God the Father is born from the Virgin Mary, who is thus the mother of God, though not the originator of his divine essence. As Son of the Father, he is truly God, while as son of Mary he is truly human—and he did not cease to be divine when he became human, but “remaining what he was, he assumed what he was not.” This means that just as God was born of the Virgin Mary, he also suffered and died on the cross. But this is said of the Son, one of the Trinity, not of the Father or the Spirit, who are beyond all suffering."
Přednáška 12: Nauka o milosti
"The crucial point made in the church father’s doctrine of grace is that believers become children of God by grace, in contrast to Christ who is Son of God by nature. Augustine develops this doctrine further by treating grace as a gift of the Spirit to the soul, bestowing an inner delight which strengthens the will to love God. For Augustine, grace is necessary for salvation because of “original sin,” which makes us guilty of Adam’s sin and also corrupts our nature so that we cannot love God as we ought without the help of grace. Late in his career, he teaches that we cannot even pray in faith to receive the gift of grace unless grace is prevenient, which means it comes before any good will of ours, causing our free will to come to faith. This teaching leads Augustine to his controversial doctrine of predestination."
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